The prevalence of infertility in industrialized countries is estimated about 16-26% in populations of women who have tried to have children. Infertility and its therapy have been described as a very stressful event and a number of studies have investigated the association between coping and adjustment to infertility. These studies are often guided by the stress and coping theoretical framework and supply a critical count to the infertility literature foundation. The most common theoretical framework used is Lazarus and Folkman’s theory according which stress happens as a person perceives events in his environment that go over his resources and put in danger his health. Encounters with stressful situations are usually come with coping strategies, which can be defined as cognitive and behavioral efforts to cope particular external and/or internal strain associated with the stressor one perceives. Another coping theoretical framework used is the family system theory of Ludwig von Bertalanffy because infertility is considered to be a joint problem among the members of a couple and thus, this situation is well fitted to be studied applying a family system approach. Some scholars have focused on the relationship between socio-economic situation and coping and in these studies has been demonstrated that people from higher socio-economic classes used more active problem-solving ways of coping and less avoidant coping and other researchers predicted high fertility problem stress among both men and women difficulties in partner communication. Findings, also, from the studies examining gender differences in coping with infertility, showed that men and women differ considerably on three of the eight coping strategies – seeking social support, escape/avoidance, and positive reappraisal and that women used these coping strategies more than men and they attribute this to men’s embarrassment or unfamiliarity with discussing their problem with others. In conclusion, findings from these studies help paint a more complete image of the multifaceted association that exists between infertility and distress.