The aim of this paper is to present some research hypotheses and empirical evidence concerning the geographical distribution and spread of leishmaniasis in Greece and particularly in the Greater Athens region, through spatial analysis in a GIS environment. The main hypothesis in this paper is that there is a geographical dimension in the diffusion of the disease of leishmaniasis in the Greater Athens region, which includes several environmental factors but also the hypothesis that the incidents of the disease are clustered in the foothills of mountains following the urban expansions towards them. The cases of leishmaniasis as well as the environmental factors are mapped and combined in a geographical database so that the possible interplay among them can be detected employing methods of spatial analysis.