Patients & methods: Research evidence about gender differences in caregiving burden indicates that female caregivers are more likely to report greater burden than male. The aim of this study was to assess whether 1) patients’ gender influences the perception of caregivers’ burden 2) gender determines differences between male and female caregivers of advanced cancer patients in terms of perception of burden and psychological distress. The sample consisted of 100 Greek patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy and their primary caregivers (PCs). They both provided 'their demographics while PCs completed Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale (OCBS), Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). Results: The majority of patients were male (63%) with a mean age 63.9 years and of PCs (76%) were female with a mean age 52.9 years. Statistical analysis revealed that male patients caused more total score of caregivers’ burden in BCOS (p=0,001), more anxiety (p<,0005) and more depression (p=0,001). Female PCs scored higher in OCBS-D (p=0,045), meaning that perceived caregiving tasks more burdensome than male. Moreover, female reported less total score in BCOS (p<, 0005), implying that every day life has got worst. Finally, female PCs scored higher in HAD, meaning that they reported higher depression (p<, 0005) and higher anxiety (p=0,001) than male PCs. Conclusions: Despite study limitations, the results of this first Greek study assessing gender differences in caregiving burden highlight that caring process can be more demanding for female, and the importance of developing special intervention programs for them.