Sex differences in the rates of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are well documented in the literature. Male-to-female ratios range from 9:1 to 6:1 in clinic-referred samples and are approximately 3:1 in population-based studies (American Psychiatric Association, 1987). These differences have been variously attributed to differential biological vulnerabilities, biased diagnostic procedures, differential vulnerabilities to environmental influences, etc. Yet, these factors are proposed in isolation and no theoretical model exists that integrates them into a cohesive ensemble. This presentation aims to propose an integrative model of the social and cultural factors that interact and might result into the reported differences in prevalence of ADHD in the two sexes. The model consists of three stages. At the first stage, cultural and personality factors interact with parental affect and self-efficacy beliefs to shape differential parental perceptions of the nature and causality of ADHD behaviours in boys and girls. Boys? ADHD symptoms are often considered as typical male behaviours, whereas they are considered as far less typical in girls (Maniadaki, Kakouros, & Sonuga-Barke, 2003). At the second stage, these differential perceptions may influence parental responses to the child and affect the socialisation practices parents adopt towards boys and girls at risk for manifestation of ADHD. At the third stage, the use of differential practices towards boys and girls at risk might lead girls to put greater efforts in hiding and controlling their symptoms and encourage boys to openly manifest them, thus resulting to different prevalence rates of ADHD in the two sexes.