Discrimination between pre-seismic electromagnetic anomalies and solar activity effects

dc.contributor.author	Κουλουράς, Γρηγόριος Η.	el
dc.contributor.author	Μπαλάσης, Γεώργιος Τ.	el
dc.contributor.author	Κιουρκτσίδης, Ι.	el
dc.contributor.author	Νάννος, Ε.	el
dc.contributor.author	Κοντάκος, Κυριάκος	el
dc.date.accessioned	2015-06-07T14:08:06Z
dc.date.available	2015-06-07T14:08:06Z
dc.date.issued	2015-06-07
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11400/15471
dc.rights	Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/	*
dc.source	http://www.iop.org/	en
dc.subject	Electromagnetic emissions
dc.subject	Seismic activity
dc.subject	Electromagnetism
dc.subject	Ηλεκτρομαγνητικές εκπομπές
dc.subject	σεισμική δραστηριότητα
dc.subject	Ηλεκτρομαγνητισμός
dc.title	Discrimination between pre-seismic electromagnetic anomalies and solar activity effects	en
heal.type	journalArticle
heal.classification	Technology
heal.classification	Environmental technology
heal.classification	Τεχνολογία
heal.classification	Περιβαλλοντική τεχνολογία
heal.classificationURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85133147
heal.classificationURI	http://lod.nal.usda.gov/5857
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Τεχνολογία
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Περιβαλλοντική τεχνολογία
heal.contributorName	Stonham, John T.	en
heal.contributorName	Ruzhin, Yu Ya	en
heal.contributorName	Ευταξίας, Κωνσταντίνος Α.	el
heal.contributorName	Κάβουρας, Διονύσης Α.	el
heal.contributorName	Νομικός, Κωνσταντίνος Δ.	el
heal.identifier.secondary	DOI: 10.1088/0031-8949/79/04/045901
heal.language	en
heal.access	campus
heal.publicationDate	2009
heal.bibliographicCitation	KOULOURAS, G.I., BALASIS, G.T., KIOURKTSIDIS, I., NANNOS, E., KONTAKOS, K., et al. (2009). Discrimination between pre-seismic electromagnetic anomalies and solar activity effects. Physica Scripta. [online] 79 (4). Available from: http://www.iop.org/	en
heal.abstract	Laboratory studies suggest that electromagnetic emissions in a wide frequency spectrum ranging from kilohertz (kHz) to very high megahertz (MHz) frequencies are produced by the opening of microcracks, with the MHz radiation appearing earlier than the kHz radiation. Earthquakes are large-scale fracture phenomena in the Earth's heterogeneous crust. Thus, the radiated kHz-MHz electromagnetic emissions are detectable not only in the laboratory but also at a geological scale. Clear MHz-to-kHz electromagnetic anomalies have been systematically detected over periods ranging from a few days to a few hours prior to recent destructive earthquakes in Greece. We should bear in mind that whether electromagnetic precursors to earthquakes exist is an important question not only for earthquake prediction but mainly for understanding the physical processes of earthquake generation. An open question in this field of research is the classification of a detected electromagnetic anomaly as a pre-seismic signal associated with earthquake occurrence. Indeed, electromagnetic fluctuations in the frequency range of MHz are known to be related to a few sources, including atmospheric noise (due to lightning), man-made composite noise, solar-terrestrial noise (resulting from the Sun-solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere-Earth's surface chain) or cosmic noise, and finally, the lithospheric effect, namely pre-seismic activity. We focus on this point in this paper. We suggest that if a combination of detected kHz and MHz electromagnetic anomalies satisfies the set of criteria presented herein, these anomalies could be considered as candidate precursory phenomena of an impending earthquake.	en
heal.publisher	IOP Publishing	en
heal.journalName	Physica Scripta	en
heal.journalType	peer-reviewed
heal.fullTextAvailability	true