Summary and overview of the CYCLOPS P addition Lagrangian experiment in the Eastern Mediterranean.

dc.contributor.author	Krom, Michael	en
dc.contributor.author	Thingstad, Tron Frede	en
dc.contributor.author	Brenner, Steve	en
dc.contributor.author	Carbo, Pre	en
dc.contributor.author	Δρακόπουλος, Πάνος	el
dc.date.accessioned	2015-01-24T13:07:34Z
dc.date.available	2015-01-24T13:07:34Z
dc.date.issued	2015-01-24
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11400/4661
dc.rights	Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/	*
dc.subject	Ultraoligotrophic
dc.subject	Nutrient limitation
dc.subject	Lagrangian addition
dc.subject	Eastern Mediterranean
dc.subject	Περιορισμός θρεπτικών ουσιών
dc.subject	Ανατολική Μεσόγειος
dc.title	Summary and overview of the CYCLOPS P addition Lagrangian experiment in the Eastern Mediterranean.	en
heal.type	journalArticle
heal.classification	Ophthalmology
heal.classification	Optics
heal.classification	Οφθαλμολογία
heal.classification	Οπτική
heal.classificationURI	http://skos.um.es/unescothes/C02842
heal.classificationURI	http://skos.um.es/unescothes/C02847
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Οφθαλμολογία
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Οπτική
heal.contributorName	Fileman, Tim W.	en
heal.contributorName	Flaten, GAF	en
heal.contributorName	Groom, Steve	en
heal.contributorName	Herut, Barak	en
heal.contributorName	Κιτίδης, Βασίλης	el
heal.contributorName	Kress, Nurit	en
heal.contributorName	Law, Clif S.	en
heal.contributorName	Liddicoat, Malcolm	en
heal.contributorName	Mantoura, Fauzi	en
heal.contributorName	Pasternak, Anna	en
heal.contributorName	Πήττα, Παρασκευή	el
heal.contributorName	Πολυχρονάκη, Θάλεια	el
heal.contributorName	Ψαρρά, Στέλλα	el
heal.contributorName	Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun	en
heal.contributorName	Skjolgal, Evy Foss	en
heal.contributorName	Spyres, Georgina	en
heal.contributorName	Tanaka, Tsuneo	en
heal.contributorName	Τσελεπίδης, Αναστάσιος	el
heal.contributorName	Wassmann, Paul	en
heal.contributorName	Riser, Christian	en
heal.contributorName	Woodward, Malcolm	en
heal.contributorName	Ζερβάκης, Γιώργος	el
heal.contributorName	Zohary, Tamar	en
heal.identifier.secondary	doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.08.018
heal.language	en
heal.access	campus
heal.recordProvider	Τ.Ε.Ι. Αθήνας, Σχολή Επαγγελμάτων Υγείας & Πρόνοιας, Τμήμα Οπτικής & Οπτομετρίας	el
heal.publicationDate	2005-08-22
heal.bibliographicCitation	Krom, M.D., Thingstad, T.F., Brenner, S., Carbo, P., Drakopoulos, P., et.al. (2005). Summary and overview of the CYCLOPS P addition Lagrangian experiment in the Eastern Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 52(22-23), pp. 3090-3108 . Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064505002067 [Accessed 18/08/2005]	en
heal.abstract	CYCLOPS was a European Framework 5 program to further our understanding of phosphorus cycling in the Eastern Mediterranean. The core of CYCLOPS was a Lagrangian experiment in which buffered phosphoric acid was added to a o4 Â4 km patch of water together with SF6 as the inert tracer. The patch was followed for nine days in total. Results obtained prior to the experiment showed that the system was typically ultra-oligotrophic and P-starved with DON:DOP, PON:POP and DIN:DIP all having ratios greatly in excess of 16:1 in surface waters. To our surprise, we found that although the added phosphate was rapidly taken up by the microbial biota, there was a small but signiﬁcant decrease in chlorophyll a and no increase in primary production, together with an increase in heterotrophic bacterial activity, ciliate numbers and in the gut fullness and egg numbers in the zooplankton community. A microcosm experiment carried out using within-patch and out-of-patch water showed that the phytoplankton community were N and P co-limited while the bacteria and micrograzers were P-limited. Thus this system tends to N and P co-limitation of phytoplankton productivity in summer possibly caused by bioavailable DIN being converted into non-bioavailable forms of DON. On the basis of the data collected within the programme it was concluded that this behavior could be explained by three non-mutually exclusive processes described as (1) trophic by-pass in which the added phosphate gets directly to the grazing part of the predatory food chain from the heterotrophic bacteria bypassing the phytoplankton compartment phosphate, (2) trophic tunnelling in which phosphate is rapidly taken up by both phytoplankton and bacteria via rapid luxury consumption. This causes an immediate change in the phosphorus content but not the abundance of the prey organisms. The added P then ‘‘reappears’’ as responses at the predator level much more rapidly than expected, and (3) mixotrophic by-pass in which inorganic nutrients, including the added P, are taken up by mixotrophic ciliates directly, bypassing the phytoplankton. For details of the results of this study and the processes described, the readers are referred to the relevant papers within this volume. The implications of these results for nutrient cycling in the Eastern Mediterranean are discussed. In particular it is noted that the efficient and rapid grazing observed in this study might explain why the system although impacted by anthropogenic nutrient input has shown little or no measurable change in microbial productivity since added nutrients are rapidly transferred out of the photic zone via the by-pass and tunnelling processes and are exported from the basin. It is also suggested that fish productivity is higher than has been suggested by conventional food chain models due to this grazing. Two possible reasons for the unusual P-starved nature of the basin are presented.	en
heal.journalName	Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography	en
heal.journalType	peer-reviewed
heal.fullTextAvailability	true