Effects of smoking on heart rate at rest and
during exercise, and on heart rate recovery, in
young adults

dc.contributor.author	Παπαθανασίου, Γεώργιος	el
dc.contributor.author	Γεωργακόπουλος, Δημήτριος	el
dc.contributor.author	Παπαγεωργίου, Έφη	el
dc.contributor.author	Ζέρβα, Ευθυμία	el
dc.contributor.author	Μιχάλης, Λάμπρος	el
dc.date.accessioned	2015-01-27T23:01:52Z
dc.date.available	2015-01-27T23:01:52Z
dc.date.issued	2015-01-28
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11400/4900
dc.rights	Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/	*
dc.source	http://www.hcs.gr/	en
dc.subject	Άσκηση
dc.subject	Καρδιακός ρυθμός
dc.subject	Ανάκτηση του καρδιακού ρυθμού
dc.subject	Αποθεματικός ρυθμός της καρδιάς
dc.subject	Κάπνισμα
dc.subject	Exercise
dc.subject	Heart rate
dc.subject	Heart rate recovery
dc.subject	Heart rate reserve
dc.subject	Smoking
dc.title	Effects of smoking on heart rate at rest and during exercise, and on heart rate recovery, in young adults	en
heal.type	journalArticle
heal.classification	Medicine
heal.classification	Cardiology
heal.classification	Ιατρική
heal.classification	Καρδιολογία
heal.classificationURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh00006614
heal.classificationURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85020214
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Ιατρική
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Καρδιολογία
heal.contributorName	Καλφακάκου, Βασιλική	el
heal.contributorName	Ευαγγέλου, Άγγελος	el
heal.identifier.secondary	ISSN 1109-9666
heal.language	en
heal.access	free
heal.recordProvider	Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Αθήνας.Σχολή Επαγγελμάτων Υγείας και Πρόνοιας.Τμήμα Φυσικοθεραπείας	el
heal.publicationDate	2013
heal.bibliographicCitation	Papathanasiou, G., Georgakopoulos, D., Papageorgiou, E., Zerva, E., Michalis, L. et.al. (2013) Effects of smoking on heart rate at rest and during exercise, and on heart rate recovery, in young adults. Hellenic journal of cardiology.54, pp.168-177.	en
heal.abstract	Introduction: There is an established link between smoking, abnormal heart rate (HR) values, and impaired cardiovascular health in middle-aged or older populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of smoking on resting HR and on HR responses during and after exercise in young adults. Methods: A sample of 298 young adults (159 men), aged 20-29 years old, were selected from a large population of health-science students based on health status, body mass index, physical activity, and smoking habit. All subjects underwent a maximal Bruce treadmill test and their HR was recorded during, at peak, and after termination of exercise. Results: Smokers had significantly higher resting HR values than non-smokers. Both female and male smokers showed a significantly slower HR increase during exercise. Female smokers failed to reach their age-predicted maximum HR by 6.0 bpm and males by 3.6 bpm. The actual maximum HR achieved (HRmax) was significantly lower for both female smokers (191.0 bpm vs.198.0 bpm) and male smokers (193.2 bpm vs.199.3 bpm), compared to non-smokers. Heart rate reserve was also significantly lower in female (114.6 bpm vs. 128.1 bpm) and male smokers (120.4 bpm vs. 133.0 bpm). During recovery, the HR decline was significantly attenuated, but only in female smokers. Females had a higher resting HR and showed a higher HR response during sub-maximal exercise compared to males. Conclusions: Smoking was found to affect young smokers’ HR, increasing HR at rest, slowing HR increase during exercise and impairing their ability to reach the age-predicted HRmax. In addition, smoking was associated with an attenuated HR decline during recovery, but only in females.	en
heal.publisher	Hellenic cardiological society	en
heal.journalName	Hellenic journal of cardiology	en
heal.journalType	peer-reviewed
heal.fullTextAvailability	true