Abstract: The aim of this study is to find factors for successful eco-tourism
development. Tourism is the world’s largest industry that promotes increased
interaction of political and economic forces within a society. It may be regarded
as consisting of tourists, a business, and an environment or community in which
it operates thereby tourism phenomenon affects all these elements. This paper
deals with the study of various stakeholders in tourism development. As
suggested by various authors’, management people, locals, tourism trade
people and NGO’s are main stakeholders in tourism.
All the information presented in this paper, if not otherwise cited is
based on observations and discussions with the personnel of the NGO’s, locals
and the tourists.
To strengthen the theoretical ideas, three case-destinations in Indian
Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh, were selected. Viz. Sangla Valley in district
Kinnaur, Pongdam wetland in Kangra district and Ananda Project in Kullu
District.
The Sangla Valley is situated in Himachal Pradesh, an Indian state in
northwest Himalayas. Foreign tourist started visiting this valley in 1995. Since
then, the number of tourists has considerably increased. This has resulted in
development of many accommodation units. It is obvious that the valley holds an
enormous tourism potential for domestic as well as foreign tourist. Because of
the growing popularity among tourists and the interest of inhabitants to use the
tourist potential of this valley, the region will face a considerable boom in tourism
in the next few years that may become a challenge for tourism development in a
sustainable manner. A group of villagers decided to form a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) named as “Sangla Valley Sustainable Development
Society” mainly for the cause of sustainable tourism development in the valley.
The second case study is a story of tradition, awareness, science,
community participation, non governmental organizations, receptive
administration and individual initiative combining to boost development, promote
eco-tourism and conserve environment in a small village of Himalayas in the
Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Mr. Satinder Singh Guleria, who has set up
the Institute for Environment Studies and the Science Awareness Trust, along
with other dedicated people, who realized that action is better than just
complaining, and all this in a place which most people, even in India, may not be
able to identify on the map. Mr. Guleria’s area of work is in Sanauran village in
Kangra district of HP, where the Pong Dam and the Ramsar Wetland expanse
have received the attention of the organization.
Third case study is of Ananda Project in Kullu Valley of Himachal
Pradesh. The purpose of the project is to “help local communities regain their
self-reliance and return to a sustainable way of life” and the main focus is to
“introduce cultivation techniques at the community level in order to help the
villagers generate a sustainable source of income and to conserve endangered
species of medicinal plants being over harvested from the wild”.
It can be concluded from the study that for successful eco-tourism
development several stakeholders can play a vital role and most important is the
role of community.