Investigating the causes of paper strength loss
after aqueous treatments

dc.contributor.author	Ζερβός, Σπυρίδων Γ.	el
dc.contributor.author	Μπάρμπα, Δήμητρα	el
dc.contributor.author	Zervos, Spiros	en
dc.contributor.author	Barmpa, Dimitra	en
dc.date.accessioned	2015-04-15T10:35:03Z
dc.date.available	2015-04-15T10:35:03Z
dc.date.issued	2015-04-15
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11400/8383
dc.rights	Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/	*
dc.source	http://users.teiath.gr/szervos/__objects/docs/zervos_strength_loss_horn.pdf	el
dc.subject	Paper--Wet strength
dc.subject	cellulosic fibers
dc.subject	Waste paper--Recycling
dc.subject	Aqueous treatments
dc.subject	Αντοχή χαρτιού
dc.subject	Υδατικές θεραπείες
dc.subject	Hornification
dc.subject	Κερατινοποίηση
dc.subject	Κυτταρινικές ίνες
dc.subject	Water retention
dc.subject	Κατακράτηση νερού
dc.subject	Απορρίμματα χαρτιού - Ανακύκλωση
dc.title	Investigating the causes of paper strength loss after aqueous treatments	en
heal.type	conferenceItem
heal.classification	Chemistry
heal.classification	Paper--Preservation
heal.classification	Χημεία
heal.classification	Χαρτί Συντήρηση και αποκατάσταση
heal.classificationURI	http://skos.um.es/unescothes/C00568
heal.classificationURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85097586
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Χημεία
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Χαρτί Συντήρηση και αποκατάσταση
heal.keywordURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh88004394
heal.keywordURI	http://lod.nal.usda.gov/9216
heal.keywordURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85145423
heal.language	en
heal.access	free
heal.recordProvider	Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Αθήνας. Σχολή Διοίκησης και Οικονομίας. Τμήμα Βιβλιοθηκονομίας και Συστημάτων Πληροφόρησης	el
heal.publicationDate	2011-05
heal.bibliographicCitation	Zervos, S. and Barmpa, D. (2011). Investigating the causes of paper strength loss after aqueous treatments. New approaches to book and paper conservation - restoration (conference preprints), Horn,Loweraustria, 9th–12th May 2011, Verlag Berger,Horn/Wien, pp. 131-152. Available from: http://users.teiath.gr/szervos/__objects/docs/zervos_strength_loss_horn.pdf	en
heal.abstract	Previously published studies on 8 different papers showed that aque‑ ous treatments (i. e. washing and deacidification) resulted in the gen‑ eral decrease of tensile strength and the increase of stretch at break, which were statistically significant in most cases. A search revealed similar findings scattered in the relevant literature. As a result, a study was launched in order to investigate the causes of paper strength loss after aqueous treatments. Hornification, a phenomenon related with strength loss after drying, has been widely investigated by the paper industry. The term is used for the irreversible changes that occur after the first drying of cellulosic fibers, resulting in the reduction of water retention value and tensile strength. Both properties are very important in paper recycling. Under the assumption that changes at the microstructure level – simi‑ lar to the ones occurring as a result of hornification – may be respon‑ sible for the strength loss, various microstructural parameters were studied, mainly on a model pure cellulose paper (Whatman Nr. 2 filter paper) and occasionally on a number of historical samples. The follow‑ ing methods were used: • Air resistance determination (Gurley method) • Determination of the Specific Surface Area of cellulose by a water vapour sorption method (CIsorp), described in detail elsewhere. The method of the f-plots was utilized for the comparison of the absorption isotherms. • Determination of volume changes, deduced by the changes in the dimensions of the sheets of paper • Determination of Crystallinity Index • Mercury porosimetry for the evaluation of porosity changes. The results were not conclusive in all cases, but generally showed that after washing, the specific surface area and the porosity of the What‑ man samples increased. Evidence also indicated that the surface area corresponding to smaller pores slightly decreased, while that corre‑ sponding to the larger pores increased. A tentative mechanism is proposed that accounts for the microstruc‑ tural changes, strength loss and higher stretch at break observed after aqueous treatments. Further investigation is needed to ascertain the validity of the suggested mechanism and the possible connection with hornification. An experimental approach is proposed.	en
heal.fullTextAvailability	true
heal.conferenceName	New approaches to book and paper conservation - restoration	en
heal.conferenceItemType	full paper