Endoscopy as a risk factor for disease transmission

dc.contributor.author	Ζαβιτσάνου, Ασημίνα	el
dc.contributor.author	Μπαμπάτσικου, Φωτούλα Π.	el
dc.contributor.author	Κουτής, Χαρίλαος	el
dc.date.accessioned	2015-04-22T08:51:00Z
dc.date.issued	2015-04-22
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11400/8652
dc.rights	Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/	*
dc.source	http://www.scopus.com	el
dc.source	http://pharmakonpress.gr/	el
dc.subject	Endoscopy
dc.subject	Απολύμανση
dc.subject	Ενδοσκόπηση
dc.subject	Εξωγενείς ασθένεια
dc.subject	Disinfection
dc.subject	Exogenous disease
dc.title	Endoscopy as a risk factor for disease transmission	en
heal.type	journalArticle
heal.secondaryTitle	the need of endoscopes' high level disinfection	en
heal.classification	Ιατρική
heal.classification	Λοιμόξεις
heal.classification	Medicine
heal.classification	Infections
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Ιατρική
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Λοιμόξεις
heal.classificationURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh00006614
heal.classificationURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh00006124
heal.keywordURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85043097
heal.identifier.secondary	ISSN: 10116575
heal.dateAvailable	10000-01-01
heal.language	en
heal.access	forever
heal.publicationDate	2008
heal.bibliographicCitation	Zavitsanou, A., Babatsikou, F. and Koutis, Ch. (2008). Endoscopy as a risk factor for disease transmission: The need of endoscopes' high level disinfection. "Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias kai Farmakokinetikes". [online] 26(2): p.119-127 Available from: http://www.scopus.com [Accessed 22/04/2015]	en
heal.abstract	Introduction: Although transmission of infection during endoscopy is an extremely rare event, most cases reported have been associated with failure to employ appropriate cleaning, disinfection/sterilization, rinsing and drying of endoscopes. Methods: The medical literature was reviewed to evaluate the transmission of specific infection during endoscopic procedures; furthermore, this article focuses on the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the principal chemical compounds used for high level disinfection. Results: This review identified several published reports and clinical studies that demonstrate the endoscopic transmission of various bacterial infections. In this regard, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most commonly reported organism responsible for transmission of infection during endoscopy, whereas Salmonella species transmission does not appear to be a persistent control problem after the introduction of standardized cleaning and disinfection guidelines; moreover, cases of Helicobacter pylori endoscopic infection have been reported and have been mainly attributed to suboptimal endoscopes' cleaning and disinfection. However, the adoption of current reprocessing protocols is sufficient to eradicate the specific organism. On the other hand, endoscopic transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rare event since only two cases of infection have been reported to date. Additionally, other clinically significant viruses continue to be transmitted, with low transmission rate, by gastrointestinal endoscopy, including hepatitis C, and hepatitis B, whereas no cases of HIV transmission have been reported in the world literature. In order to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections, all heat sensitive endoscopes must be properly cleaned and subjected to high level disinfection following each use. Although the ideal chemical sterilant does not exist, several high-level disinfectants have been developed. One of the most used sterilants is glutaraldehyde but its use is associated with respiratory problems and skin irritations. The last years, several chemical sterilants have been developed including 7.5% hydrogen peroxide, 0.08% peracetic acid plus 1.0% hydrogen peroxide. However, both of the above sterilants present material compatibility concerns. Another new product with excellent microbiocidal activity is 0.55% orthophthalaldehyde that has potential advantages. Other chemical sterilants developed are Aldahol III και Acecide™; main restriction of the above products is the high cost. Conclusions-Discussion: Although the incidence of infection related to endoscopic procedures is low, endoscopes' high level disinfection is a process that renders a contaminated endoscope safe for reuse. This article by reviewing the medical literature could aid the infection control professionals in choosing the appropriate disinfection methodology. Selection of a product must be weighed against the needs of a particular setting taking into consideration factors such as compatibility, microbiocidal spectrum, toxicity and cost.	el
heal.journalName	Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias kai Farmakokinetikes	en
heal.journalType	peer-reviewed
heal.fullTextAvailability	false