Hyperlipidemia and especially hypercholesterolemia is considered to be one of the most important and well-documented risk factors for atheromatosis and for cardiovascular diseases development. High levels of cholesterol contribute to the development and/or the progression of atherosclerosis, especially in the case of a combination of high LDL levels and low HDL cholesterol levels. Numerous studies conducted in the same or different populations of the elderly conclude that high cholesterol levels are being associated with high cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity rates. Another common conclusion is that ischaemic heart disease is more frequent in populations that follow diets rich in saturated fats and cholesterol, these populations present high blood cholesterol levels. The saturated fats and hard margarines containing trans-fatty acids increase blood LDL, at this point it should be mentioned that stearic acid, although a saturated fat, reduces LDL. On the contrary, monosaturated and polysaturated fats decrease its levels. Furthermore, monosaturated fats do not influence HDL levels, contrary to the polysaturated fats that tend to reduce them. The nutritional habits of the elderly are far removed from the WHO dietary guidelines. This deviation was associated with increased prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in these people.