Microbiological evaluation of dental unit water systems in general dental practice in Europe

dc.contributor.author	Walker, J. T.	en
dc.contributor.author	Bradshaw, D. J.	en
dc.contributor.author	Finney, M.	en
dc.contributor.author	Fulford, M. R.	en
dc.contributor.author	Frandsen, E.	en
dc.date.accessioned	2015-05-01T23:24:01Z
dc.date.available	2015-05-01T23:24:01Z
dc.date.issued	2015-05-02
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11400/9447
dc.rights	Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/	*
dc.source	http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00151.x/abstract	en
dc.subject	σύστημα νερού οδοντιατρικής μονάδας
dc.subject	βιοφίλμ
dc.subject	διασταυρούμενη μόλυνση
dc.subject	νόσος των Λεγεωναρίων
dc.subject	παθογόνα
dc.subject	dental unit water system
dc.subject	biofilm
dc.subject	Cross infection
dc.subject	legionellae
dc.subject	Pathogens
dc.title	Microbiological evaluation of dental unit water systems in general dental practice in Europe	en
heal.type	journalArticle
heal.classification	Public health
heal.classification	Δημόσια υγεία
heal.classification	Microbiology
heal.classification	Μικροβιολογία
heal.classificationURI	http://lod.nal.usda.gov/28292
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Δημόσια υγεία
heal.classificationURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh00005932
heal.classificationURI	N/A-Μικροβιολογία
heal.keywordURI	http://lod.nal.usda.gov/17347
heal.keywordURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85034276
heal.keywordURI	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh00006928
heal.contributorName	Østergaard, E.	en
heal.contributorName	Ten Cate, J. M.	en
heal.contributorName	Moorer, W. R.	en
heal.contributorName	Schel, A. J.	en
heal.contributorName	Μαυρίδου, Αθηνά	el
heal.contributorName	Καμμά, Ιωάννα	el
heal.contributorName	Μανδηλαρά, Γεωργία	el
heal.contributorName	Stοsser, L.	en
heal.contributorName	Kneist, S.	en
heal.contributorName	Araujo, R.	en
heal.contributorName	Contreras, N.	en
heal.contributorName	Goroncy-Bermes, P.	en
heal.contributorName	O'Mullane, D.	en
heal.contributorName	Burke, F.	en
heal.contributorName	Forde, A.	en
heal.contributorName	O'Sullivan, M.	en
heal.contributorName	Marsh, P. D.	en
heal.identifier.secondary	DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00151.x
heal.language	en
heal.access	campus
heal.recordProvider	Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Αθήνας. Σχολή Επαγγελμάτων Υγείας και Πρόνοιας. Τμήμα Ιατρικών Εργαστηρίων	el
heal.publicationDate	2004-10
heal.bibliographicCitation	Walker, J. T., Bradshaw, D. J., Finney, M., Fulford, M. R., Frandsen, E. et al. (2004) Microbiological evaluation of dental unit water systems in general dental practice in Europe. "European Journal of Oral Sciences". [Online] 112 (5). p.412-418. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com [Accessed 01/05/2015]	en
heal.abstract	A range of opportunistic pathogens have been associated with dental unit water systems (DUWS), particularly in the biofilms that can line the tubing. This study therefore aimed to assess the microbiology of DUWS and biofilms in general dental practices across seven European countries, including the United Kingdom (UK), Ireland (IRL), Greece (GR), Spain (ES), Germany (D), Denmark (DK) and the Netherlands (NL). Water supplied by 51% of 237 dental unit water lines exceeded current American Dental Association recommendations of ≤ 200 colony-forming units (CFU) ml−1. Microbiological loading of the source waters was between 0 (Denmark, the Netherlands and Spain) and 4.67 (IRL) log CFU ml−1; water line samples from the DUWS ranged from 1.52 (ES) to 2.79 (GR) log CFU ml−1; and biofilm counts ranged from 1.49 (GR) to 3.22 (DK) log CFU.cm−2. Opportunistic pathogens such as legionellae (DK and ES), including Legionella pneumophila SG1 (DK and GR), and Mycobacterium spp. (DK, NL, GR, D and ES) were recovered occasionally. Presumptive oral streptococci (ES and NL), oral anaerobes (GR), Candida spp. (UK, NL and ES) and blood (GR and IRL) were detected at relatively low frequencies, but their presence indicated a failure of the 3-in-1 antiretraction valve, leading to back siphonage of oral fluids into the water and biofilm phase. These findings confirm that a substantial proportion of DUWS have high levels of microbial contamination, irrespective of country, type of equipment and source water. The study emphasizes the need for effective mechanisms to reduce the microbial burden within DUWS, and highlights the risk of occupational exposure and cross-infection in general dental practice.	en
heal.journalName	European Journal of Oral Sciences	en
heal.journalType	peer-reviewed
heal.fullTextAvailability	true