Background-Introduction: Little is known about the role of CYP1A1 and PON1 allelic variants as risk factors for human diseases although they have been extensively studied for toxic response. Purpose: The examination of possible associations of CYP1A1 and PON1 – which are suspect factors for toxic response – with studied diseases and symptoms. Study methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were randomly selected from the rural region of Amaliada, Peloponnesus, Greece. A total of 181 individuals have been participated in hair samples collection, blood samples and interviewed for medical history. Statistics include Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test as measures of association. Results: Analysis of the genetic data revealed that the allele frequencies of PON1 R, M and CYP1A1*2A alleles were 0.226, 0.383 and 0.120, respectively. Crude analysis of the genetic data revealed an association of angina pectoris with PON1 Q192R (p = 0.041). Hepatitis is significantly associated with PON1 L55 M (p < 0.002), with CYP1A1 MSP1 (p = 0.028). A tendency for association is observed between ulcer and CYP1A1 MSP1 (p = 0.069), hemorrhoids and CYP1A1 MSP1 (p = 0.078). Hypertension is significantly associated with PON1 L55 M (p = 0.048) and PON1 Q192R (p = 0.038). Corresponding results showed between prostate and urination disorders with PON1 Q192R (p = 0.004), PON1 L55 M (p = 0.019). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated an association between the CYP1A1/PON1 polymorphisms and several medical examination findings, thus indicating the possible involvement of the human detoxification system to health effects in a rural population exposed professionally to pesticides.